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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Cat state ： ウィキペディア英語版 Cat state In quantum computing, the cat state, named after Schrödinger's cat,〔John Gribbin (1984), ''In Search of Schrödinger's Cat'', ISBN 0-552-12555-5, 22 February 1985, Transworld Publishers, Ltd, 318 pages.〕 is the special pure quantum state where the qubits are in an equal superposition of all being |0> and all being |1>, i.e. (in bra–ket notation): . In other quantum mechanics contexts, according to ''The New York Times'' for example, physicists view the cat state as composed of two diametrically opposed conditions ''at the same time'',〔Dennis Overbye, "(Quantum Trickery: Testing Einstein's Strangest Theory )". ''New York Times'' Tuesday (''Science Times''), December 27, 2005 pages D1,D4.〕 such as the possibilities that a cat be alive and dead at the same time. This is sometimes connected to the many worlds hypothesis by proponents of the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. More prosaically, a cat state might be the possibilities that six atoms be ''spin up'' and ''spin down'', as published by a team led by David Wineland at NIST, December 1, 2005.〔D. Leibfried, E. Knill, S. Seidelin, J. Britton, R.B. Blakestad, J. Chiaverini, D. Hume, W.M. Itano, J.D. Jost, C. Langer, R. Ozeri, R. Reichle, and D.J. Wineland. "Creation of a six atom 'Schrödinger cat' state". ''Nature''. Dec. 1, 2005, 639–642.〕 Large cat states have also been experimentally created using photons by a team led by Jian-Wei Pan at University of Science and Technology of China, for instance, four-photon entanglement,〔Four-photon entanglement: http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.180401〕 five-photon entanglement,〔Five-photon entanglement: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v430/n6995/full/nature02643.html.〕 six-photon entanglement,〔Six-photon entanglement: http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v3/n2/full/nphys507.html.〕 eight-photon entanglement,〔Eight-photon entanglement: http://www.nature.com/nphoton/journal/v6/n4/full/nphoton.2011.354.html〕 and five-photon ten-qubit cat state.〔ten-qubit entanglement: http://www.nature.com/nphys/journal/v6/n5/full/nphys1603.html〕 This spin up/down formulation was proposed by David Bohm, who conceived of spin as an observable in a version of thought experiments formulated in the 1935 EPR paradox.〔Amir D. Aczel (2001), ''Entanglement: the unlikely story of how scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers proved Einstein's spookiest theory''. ISBN 0-452-28457-0 Penguin: paperback, 284 pages, index.〕 ==In quantum optics== In quantum optics, a cat state is defined as the coherent superposition of two coherent states with opposite phase: :$|\backslash mathrm\_e\backslash rangle\; \backslash propto|\backslash alpha\backslash rangle+|\backslash alpha\backslash rangle$ , where :$|\backslash alpha\backslash rangle\; =e^^\backslash alpha\backslash rangle\; =e^\}\backslash sum\_^\}|n\backslash rangle$ , are coherent states defined in the number (Fock) basis. Notice that if we add the two states together, the resulting cat state only contains even Fock state terms :$|\backslash mathrm\_e\backslash rangle\; \backslash propto\; 2e^\}|0\backslash rangle+\}|4\backslash rangle+\backslash dots\backslash right)$ . As a result of this property, the above cat state is often referred to as an ''even'' cat state. Alternatively, we can define an ''odd'' cat state as :$|\backslash mathrm\_o\backslash rangle\; \backslash propto|\backslash alpha\backslash rangle-|\backslash alpha\backslash rangle$ , which only contains odd Fock states :$|\backslash mathrm\_o\backslash rangle\; \backslash propto\; 2e^\}|1\backslash rangle+\}|5\backslash rangle+\backslash dots\backslash right)$ . Even and odd coherent states were first introduced by Dodonov, Malkin, and Man'ko in 1974.〔(V.V. Dodonov, I.A. Malkin, V.I. Man'ko. Physica, Volume 72, Issue 3, 15 March 1974, Pages 597–615 ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cat state」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.